{"id":"CVE-2012-0151","published":"2012-04-10T21:55:01Z","modified":"2026-06-16T23:36:47Z","title":"Microsoft Windows Authenticode Signature Verification Remote Code Execution Vulnerability","vendor":"Microsoft","product":"Windows","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"The Authenticode Signature Verification function in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, and Windows 8 Consumer Preview does not properly validate the digest of a signed portable executable (PE) file, which allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a modified file with additional content, aka \"WinVerifyTrust Signature Validation Vulnerability.\"","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"The Authenticode Signature Verification function in Microsoft Windows (including XP SP2/SP3, Server 2003 SP2, Vista SP2, Server 2008 SP2/R2/R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold/SP1, and Windows 8 Consumer Preview) fails to properly validate the digest of signed portable executable (PE) files, which is an improper input validation flaw. An attacker can execute arbitrary code by supplying a modified PE file containing additional content, but the attack requires user interaction, such as the victim opening or processing the file, and the attacker must deliver the file to them.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:13:04Z"},"cvss":{"score":7.8,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.87658,"percentile":0.99758,"date":"2026-10-28","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2022-06-08","dueDate":"2022-06-22","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","notes":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0151","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2021-11-15","exploitedFirstSeen":"2021-11-15","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/31536","date":"2021-11-15"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2022-06-08"}],"evidenceTotal":2,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 18, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad38c22e1848f8189d1c121","created":"2026-10-17"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-20","name":"Improper Input Validation"}],"references":[{"url":"http://osvdb.org/81135","tags":["Broken Link"]},{"url":"http://secunia.com/advisories/48581","tags":["Broken Link"]},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1026906","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-101A.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory","US Government Resource"]},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2012/ms12-024","tags":["Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A15594","tags":["Broken Link"]},{"url":"http://osvdb.org/81135","tags":["Broken Link"]},{"url":"http://secunia.com/advisories/48581","tags":["Broken Link"]},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1026906","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-101A.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory","US Government Resource"]},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2012/ms12-024","tags":["Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A15594","tags":["Broken Link"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0151","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1204.002","name":"Malicious File","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: User opens modified file, triggering execution","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code","start":320,"end":376}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1553.002","name":"Code Signing","tactics":["defense-impairment"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Signature validation bypass lets modified binaries appear trusted","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"does not properly validate the digest of a signed portable executable","start":226,"end":295}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2012-0189","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2012-0189","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2022-06-08","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1204.002"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1553.002"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2012-04-10","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0151","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2021-11-15","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/31536","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2022-06-08","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2022-06-08","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2012-0189","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":3711},"priority":{"score":63.4,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 1809 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.95,"detail":"percentile 0.9976"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":0.0,"detail":"none found"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":5.46,"detail":"base score 7.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]},"lineage":{"familyId":"fam-class-microsoft-windows-cwe-20"}}