{"id":"CVE-2021-45046","published":"2021-12-14T19:15:07Z","modified":"2026-06-17T04:13:05Z","title":"Apache Log4j2 Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability","vendor":"Apache","product":"Log4j2","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"It was found that the fix to address CVE-2021-44228 in Apache Log4j 2.15.0 was incomplete in certain non-default configurations. This could allows attackers with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data when the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with either a Context Lookup (for example, $${ctx:loginId}) or a Thread Context Map pattern (%X, %mdc, or %MDC) to craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern resulting in an information leak and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. Log4j 2.16.0 (Java 8) and 2.12.2 (Java 7) fix this issue by removing support for message lookup patterns and disabling JNDI functionality by default.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"The flaw is an incomplete fix in Apache Log4j2 (Apache Log4j 2.15.0) for untrusted-data handling, which lets Thread Context Map input be interpreted as a JNDI Lookup pattern. An attacker who controls Thread Context Map input can exploit it when the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup or a Thread Context Map pattern, causing an information leak and, in some environments, remote code execution, or local code execution in all environments.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-29T08:31:06Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.0,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.99977,"percentile":0.9998,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2023-05-01","dueDate":"2023-05-22","ransomware":true,"requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","notes":"https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/security.html; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45046","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2021-12-06","exploitedFirstSeen":"2021-12-06","ransomware":true,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa21-336a","date":"2021-12-06"},{"url":"https://cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2021/12/22/mitigating-log4shell-and-other-log4j-related-vulnerabilities","date":"2021-12-22"},{"url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/enemybot-a-look-into-keksecs-latest-ddos-botnet","date":"2022-04-12"},{"url":"https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/cyber-year-in-retrospect/yir-cyber-threats-annex-download.pdf","date":"2022-04-26"},{"url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security-trends-cross-site-scripting/","date":"2022-05-31"},{"url":"https://cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-257a","date":"2022-09-14"},{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/drokbk-malware-uses-github-as-dead-drop-resolver","date":"2022-12-09"},{"url":"https://info.securin.io/hubfs/Securin%20Ransomware%20Report%202023.pdf","date":"2023-02-14"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2023-05-01"},{"url":"https://4502402.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/4502402/Ransomware%20-%20Index%20Update%20Q1%202023.pdf","date":"2023-05-15"}],"evidenceTotal":27,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 18, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad38c22e1848f8189d1c121","created":"2026-10-17"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-917","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement"}],"references":[{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/12/14/4","tags":["Mailing List","Mitigation","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/12/15/3","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/12/18/1","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-397453.pdf","tags":["Third Party 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Advisory"]},{"url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-apache-log4j-qRuKNEbd","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-44228","tags":["Not Applicable"]},{"url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5022","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00646.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/930724","tags":["Third Party Advisory","US Government Resource"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/alert-cve-2021-44228.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html","tags":["Patch","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html","tags":["Third Party 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a Log4J-related vulnerability that could enable enables an attacker to cause Remote Code Execution or other effects in certain non-default configurations. This specific vulnerability has been reported to have been leveraged in cryptomining and ransomware operations. ","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1486","name":"Data Encrypted for Impact","tactics":["impact"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Deserialization of Untrusted Data","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"CVE 2021-45046 is a Log4J-related vulnerability that has been seen to be used in cryptomining and ransomware operations. ","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[{"id":"SRC-e030a140d352155c7a50","title":"RaaS AvosLocker Incident Response Analysis","publisher":"linkedin.com","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/raas-avoslocker-incident-response-analysis-fl%C3%A1vio-costa?trk=articles_directory","date":null,"mentions":[{"quote":"above: vulnerabilities associated to Log4J were found on the VMWare Horizon Unified Access Gateways, UAG01 and UAG02, those were CVE-2021-44228 / CVE-2021-45046 / CVE-2021-45105 / CVE-2021-44832, which can potentially allow remote code execution on Unified Access Gateway by the low privilege non-root user named","start":2366,"end":2678}]},{"id":"SRC-1cc1eb9fcf150573ab2b","title":"Nation-state threat actor Mint Sandstorm refines tradecraft to attack high-value targets","publisher":"microsoft.com","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/04/18/nation-state-threat-actor-mint-sandstorm-refines-tradecraft-to-attack-high-value-targets/","date":null,"mentions":[{"quote":"Apache Log4j2 (aka Log4Shell) (CVE-2021-44228 and CVE-2021-45046): Microsoft’s guidance for organizations using applications vulnerable to Log4Shell exploitation can be found here.","start":15001,"end":15181}]}],"affected":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.13.0, <2.16.0",">=2.4.0, <2.12.2","<2.3.1"],"patched":["2.16.0","2.12.2","2.3.1"],"from":["GHSA-7rjr-3q55-vv33"],"provenance":"source"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.ops4j.pax.logging:pax-logging-log4j2","vulnerableRanges":[">=1.8.0, <1.9.2",">=1.10.0, <1.10.8",">=1.11.0, <1.11.11",">=2.0.0, 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removed.","from":"CVE.org","in":"CVE-2021-4125"}]}],"packageHistory":[{"cve":"CVE-2017-5645","published":"2017-04-17","fixed":"2.8.2","kev":false},{"cve":"CVE-2020-9488","published":"2020-04-27","fixed":"2.13.2","kev":false},{"cve":"CVE-2021-44228","published":"2021-12-10","fixed":"2.15.0","kev":true},{"cve":"CVE-2021-45046","published":"2021-12-14","fixed":"2.16.0","kev":true},{"cve":"CVE-2021-45105","published":"2021-12-18","fixed":"2.17.0","kev":false,"link":{"from":"CVE-2021-45046","to":"CVE-2021-45105","relation":"successor","confidence":"medium","kind":"sequence","evidence":[{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core","fromFixed":"2.12.2","toFixed":"2.12.3","daysApart":4},{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.ops4j.pax.logging:pax-logging-log4j2","fromFixed":"1.10.8","toFixed":"1.10.9","daysApart":4},{"kind":"similar","provenance":"machine","score":0.23,"basis":"same product + description 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