{"id":"CVE-2023-0386","published":"2023-03-22T21:15:18Z","modified":"2026-06-17T05:25:25Z","title":"Linux Kernel Improper Ownership Management Vulnerability","vendor":"Linux","product":"Kernel","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"A flaw was found in the Linux kernel, where unauthorized access to the execution of the setuid file with capabilities was found in the Linux kernel’s OverlayFS subsystem in how a user copies a capable file from a nosuid mount into another mount. This uid mapping bug allows a local user to escalate their privileges on the system.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"The flaw is an improper ownership management issue in the OverlayFS subsystem of the Linux kernel, where a setuid file with capabilities copied from a nosuid mount into another mount is not handled correctly due to a uid mapping bug. A local user with low privileges and no user interaction can exploit it to gain unauthorized execution of the setuid file with capabilities and escalate their privileges on the system.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:11:20Z"},"cvss":{"score":7.8,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.0788,"percentile":0.94694,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-06-17","dueDate":"2025-07-08","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"This vulnerability affects a common open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. For more information, please see: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=4f11ada10d0a ; https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-0386 ; https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230420-0004/ ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0386","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-06-17","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-06-17","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-06-17"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"}],"evidenceTotal":2,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 18, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad38c22e1848f8189d1c121","created":"2026-10-17"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-282","name":"Improper Ownership Management"}],"references":[{"url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173087/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0095-1.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=4f11ada10d0a","tags":["Broken Link","Mailing List","Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/06/msg00008.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00020.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230420-0004/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5402","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173087/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0095-1.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=4f11ada10d0a","tags":["Broken Link","Mailing List","Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/06/msg00008.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00020.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230420-0004/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5402","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-0386","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1055.012","name":"Process Hollowing","tactics":["privilege-escalation","stealth"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Privilege Escalation","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"Linux kernel's OverlayFS contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows a local user with no privileges to obtain root-level privileges.","confidence":"low","confidenceNote":"Windows-only technique on a non-Windows product"},{"id":"T1548.001","name":"Setuid and Setgid","tactics":["privilege-escalation"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Privilege Escalation","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"Linux kernel's OverlayFS contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows a local user with no privileges to obtain root-level privileges.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1543","name":"Create or Modify System Process","tactics":["persistence","privilege-escalation"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Privilege Escalation","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"Linux kernel's OverlayFS contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows a local user with no privileges to obtain root-level privileges.","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2023-12447","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-12447","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-06-17","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":13,"skipped":5,"earliest":"2023-04-20","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/veritas501/CVE-2023-0386","repos":[{"name":"xkaneiki/CVE-2023-0386","url":"https://github.com/xkaneiki/CVE-2023-0386","stars":416,"created":"2023-05-05"},{"name":"chenaotian/CVE-2023-0386","url":"https://github.com/chenaotian/CVE-2023-0386","stars":123,"created":"2023-05-06"},{"name":"sxlmnwb/CVE-2023-0386","url":"https://github.com/sxlmnwb/CVE-2023-0386","stars":56,"created":"2023-05-16"},{"name":"puckiestyle/CVE-2023-0386","url":"https://github.com/puckiestyle/CVE-2023-0386","stars":22,"created":"2023-12-23"},{"name":"Fanxiaoyao66/CVE-2023-0386","url":"https://github.com/Fanxiaoyao66/CVE-2023-0386","stars":21,"created":"2023-06-28"}]},"metasploit":[{"name":"Local Privilege Escalation via CVE-2023-0386","module":"exploit/linux/local/cve_2023_0386_overlayfs_priv_esc","type":"exploit","disclosureDate":"2023-03-22","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/local/cve_2023_0386_overlayfs_priv_esc.rb"}],"first":{"date":"2023-03-22","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/local/cve_2023_0386_overlayfs_priv_esc.rb"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":["http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173087/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0095-1.html"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1548.001"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1543"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"related","techniques":["T1055.012"],"provenance":"source","lowConfidence":true}],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-03-22","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0386","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2023-03-22","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: Metasploit; later: PoC-in-GitHub 2023-04-20","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/local/cve_2023_0386_overlayfs_priv_esc.rb","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-06-17","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-06-17","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-06-17","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-12447","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":0,"firstExploitFrom":"Metasploit","daysToKev":818},"priority":{"score":67.4,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 499 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":18.94,"detail":"percentile 0.9469"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 NVD exploit link; 13 PoC-in-GitHub repos; 1 Metasploit module"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":5.46,"detail":"base score 7.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}