{"id":"CVE-2023-27524","published":"2023-04-24T16:15:07Z","modified":"2026-06-17T05:45:23Z","title":"Apache Superset Insecure Default Initialization of Resource Vulnerability","vendor":"Apache","product":"Superset","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Session Validation attacks in Apache Superset versions up to and including 2.0.1. Installations that have not altered the default configured SECRET_KEY according to installation instructions allow for an attacker to authenticate and access unauthorized resources. This does not affect Superset administrators who have changed the default value for SECRET_KEY config.\n\nAll superset installations should always set a unique secure random SECRET_KEY. Your SECRET_KEY is used to securely sign all session cookies and encrypting sensitive information on the database.\nAdd a strong SECRET_KEY to your `superset_config.py` file like:\n\nSECRET_KEY = <YOUR_OWN_RANDOM_GENERATED_SECRET_KEY>\n\nAlternatively you can set it with `SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` environment variable.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"Apache Superset, versions up to and including 2.0.1, ships with an insecure default initialization in which the SECRET_KEY is left at its default value when installers do not follow the setup instructions to configure a unique key. An attacker with network access, requiring no privileges or user interaction, can exploit this on installations still using the default SECRET_KEY to forge session validation and gain unauthorized access to resources, whereas administrators who have changed the default are not affected.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:09:12Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.98148,"percentile":0.99913,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2024-01-08","dueDate":"2024-01-29","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/n0ftx60sllf527j7g11kmt24wvof8xyk;  https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27524","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2024-01-08","exploitedFirstSeen":"2024-01-08","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2024-01-08"},{"url":"https://www.horizon3.ai/analysis-of-2023s-known-exploited-vulnerabilities/","date":"2024-02-06"},{"url":"https://media.defense.gov/2024/Sep/18/2003547016/-1/-1/0/CSA-PRC-LINKED-ACTORS-BOTNET.PDF","date":"2024-09-18"},{"url":"https://5943619.hs-sites.com/hubfs/312-Year-in-Review/2026/Dragos-2026-OT-Cybersecurity-Report-A-Year-in-Review.pdf","date":"2026-02-17"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-09-21&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2023-27524","date":"2026-09-21"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-09-22&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2023-27524","date":"2026-09-22"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-09-23&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2023-27524","date":"2026-09-23"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-09-24&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2023-27524","date":"2026-09-24"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-09-25&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2023-27524","date":"2026-09-25"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-09-26&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2023-27524","date":"2026-09-26"}],"evidenceTotal":24,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 18, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad38c22e1848f8189d1c121","created":"2026-10-17"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-1188","name":"Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default"}],"references":[{"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/n0ftx60sllf527j7g11kmt24wvof8xyk","tags":["Mailing List","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172522/Apache-Superset-2.0.0-Authentication-Bypass.html","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/175094/Apache-Superset-2.0.0-Remote-Code-Execution.html","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/04/24/2","tags":["Mailing List"]},{"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/n0ftx60sllf527j7g11kmt24wvof8xyk","tags":["Mailing List","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172522/Apache-Superset-2.0.0-Authentication-Bypass.html","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/175094/Apache-Superset-2.0.0-Remote-Code-Execution.html","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/04/24/2","tags":["Mailing List"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-27524","tags":["Third Party Advisory","US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Resource Management","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"This vulnerability is exploited by a remote attacker who forges a session cookie leveraging user_id or _user_id set to 1 in order to log in as an administrator. A successful exploitation could allow the adversary to gain authenticated access and gain access to unauthorized resources. ","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1078","name":"Valid Accounts","tactics":["initial-access","persistence","privilege-escalation","stealth"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Resource Management","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"This vulnerability is exploited by a remote attacker who forges a session cookie leveraging user_id or _user_id set to 1 in order to log in as an administrator. A successful exploitation could allow the adversary to gain authenticated access and gain access to unauthorized resources. ","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[],"affected":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"apache-superset","vulnerableRanges":["<2.1.0"],"patched":["2.1.0"],"from":["GHSA-5cx2-vq3h-x52c","PYSEC-2026-1161"],"provenance":"source"}],"advisories":[{"id":"GHSA-5cx2-vq3h-x52c","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5cx2-vq3h-x52c","severity":"HIGH","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"apache-superset","vulnerableRanges":["<2.1.0"],"patched":["2.1.0"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"}],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2023-1207","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-1207","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2024-01-08","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[{"id":51447,"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51447","title":"Apache Superset 2.0.0 - Authentication Bypass","type":"webapps","platform":"multiple","date":"2023-05-23","verified":false,"provenance":"source"}],"exploitSources":{"exploitdb":{"count":1,"earliest":"2023-05-23"},"pocGithub":{"count":14,"skipped":2,"earliest":"2023-04-25","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2023-27524","repos":[{"name":"horizon3ai/CVE-2023-27524","url":"https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2023-27524","stars":113,"created":"2023-04-25"},{"name":"jakabakos/CVE-2023-27524-Apache-Superset-Auth-Bypass-and-RCE","url":"https://github.com/jakabakos/CVE-2023-27524-Apache-Superset-Auth-Bypass-and-RCE","stars":29,"created":"2023-09-08"},{"name":"Okaytc/Superset_auth_bypass_check","url":"https://github.com/Okaytc/Superset_auth_bypass_check","stars":11,"created":"2023-04-27"},{"name":"tardc/CVE-2023-27524","url":"https://github.com/tardc/CVE-2023-27524","stars":10,"created":"2023-05-08"},{"name":"ZZ-SOCMAP/CVE-2023-27524","url":"https://github.com/ZZ-SOCMAP/CVE-2023-27524","stars":3,"created":"2023-04-27"}]},"metasploit":[{"name":"Apache Superset Signed Cookie Priv Esc","module":"auxiliary/gather/apache_superset_cookie_sig_priv_esc","type":"auxiliary","disclosureDate":"2023-04-25","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/auxiliary/gather/apache_superset_cookie_sig_priv_esc.rb"},{"name":"Apache Superset Signed Cookie RCE","module":"exploit/linux/http/apache_superset_cookie_sig_rce","type":"exploit","disclosureDate":"2023-09-06","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/http/apache_superset_cookie_sig_rce.rb"}],"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2023-27524","name":"Apache Superset - Authentication Bypass","severity":"critical","path":"http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-27524.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-27524.yaml"}],"first":{"date":"2023-04-25","source":"PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2023-27524"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":["https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172522/Apache-Superset-2.0.0-Authentication-Bypass.html","https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/175094/Apache-Superset-2.0.0-Remote-Code-Execution.html"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1078"],"provenance":"source"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-04-24","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27524","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2023-04-25","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: PoC-in-GitHub; later: Metasploit 2023-04-25, Exploit-DB 2023-05-23","url":"https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2023-27524","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-01-08","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-01-08","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-01-08","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-1207","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":1,"firstExploitFrom":"PoC-in-GitHub","daysToKev":259},"priority":{"score":69.8,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 1027 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.98,"detail":"percentile 0.9991"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"2 NVD references tagged Exploit; 1 Exploit-DB entry; 14 PoC-in-GitHub repos; 2 Metasploit modules; 1 nuclei template"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}