{"id":"CVE-2023-7028","published":"2024-01-12T14:15:49Z","modified":"2026-06-17T06:51:54Z","title":"GitLab Community and Enterprise Editions Improper Access Control Vulnerability","vendor":"GitLab","product":"GitLab CE/EE","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.1 prior to 16.1.6, 16.2 prior to 16.2.9, 16.3 prior to 16.3.7, 16.4 prior to 16.4.5, 16.5 prior to 16.5.6, 16.6 prior to 16.6.4, and 16.7 prior to 16.7.2 in which user account password reset emails could be delivered to an unverified email address.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"GitLab CE/EE contains an improper access control flaw in the account password reset process, where reset emails can be sent to an email address that has not been verified. An attacker who can trigger a password reset for a targeted account can have the reset email delivered to an unverified address they control, with no authentication or user interaction required and network access as the only prerequisite.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:09:11Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.94458,"percentile":0.99852,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2024-05-01","dueDate":"2024-05-22","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2024/01/11/critical-security-release-gitlab-16-7-2-released/ ;  https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7028","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2024-05-01","exploitedFirstSeen":"2024-05-01","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2024-05-01"},{"url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/ru-ru/research/analytics/aktualnye-kiberugrozy-ii-kvartal-2024-goda/","date":"2024-08-22"},{"url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/data-leaks-current-threats-for-companies-in-H1-2024/","date":"2024-09-02"},{"url":"https://app.crowdsec.net/cti/cve-explorer/CVE-2023-7028","date":"2025-06-26"},{"url":"https://offseq.com/en/research/connection-is-not-an-exploit/","date":"2026-06-21"},{"url":"https://socradar.io/blog/operation-master-intrusion-monetization-pipeline/","date":"2026-09-24"},{"url":"https://www.wiz.io/blog/infostealer-incursion-cloud-ai-credentials","date":"2026-09-25"}],"evidenceTotal":7,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-640","name":"Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password"},{"id":"CWE-284","name":"Improper Access Control"}],"references":[{"url":"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/436084","tags":["Exploit","Issue Tracking","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://hackerone.com/reports/2293343","tags":["Permissions Required"]},{"url":"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/436084","tags":["Exploit","Issue Tracking","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://hackerone.com/reports/2293343","tags":["Permissions Required"]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/critical-gitlab-account-takeover-vulnerability-cve-2023-7028","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-7028","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Exploits public-facing web app password reset flow","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"user account password reset emails could be delivered to an unverified email address","start":239,"end":323}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1078","name":"Valid Accounts","tactics":["initial-access","persistence","privilege-escalation","stealth"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Attacker obtains valid account credentials via reset","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"user account password reset emails could be delivered to an unverified email address","start":239,"end":323}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2023-59219","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-59219","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2024-05-01","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[{"id":51889,"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51889","title":"GitLab CE/EE < 16.7.2 - Password Reset","type":"remote","platform":"java","date":"2024-03-14","verified":false,"provenance":"source"}],"exploitSources":{"exploitdb":{"count":1,"earliest":"2024-03-14"},"pocGithub":{"count":16,"skipped":2,"earliest":"2024-01-12","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/RandomRobbieBF/CVE-2023-7028","repos":[{"name":"Vozec/CVE-2023-7028","url":"https://github.com/Vozec/CVE-2023-7028","stars":245,"created":"2024-01-12"},{"name":"RandomRobbieBF/CVE-2023-7028","url":"https://github.com/RandomRobbieBF/CVE-2023-7028","stars":58,"created":"2024-01-12"},{"name":"Esonhugh/gitlab_honeypot","url":"https://github.com/Esonhugh/gitlab_honeypot","stars":4,"created":"2024-01-18"},{"name":"duy-31/CVE-2023-7028","url":"https://github.com/duy-31/CVE-2023-7028","stars":3,"created":"2024-01-12"},{"name":"Trackflaw/CVE-2023-7028-Docker","url":"https://github.com/Trackflaw/CVE-2023-7028-Docker","stars":3,"created":"2024-01-25"}]},"metasploit":[{"name":"GitLab Password Reset Account Takeover","module":"auxiliary/admin/http/gitlab_password_reset_account_takeover","type":"auxiliary","disclosureDate":"2024-01-11","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/auxiliary/admin/http/gitlab_password_reset_account_takeover.rb"}],"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2023-7028","name":"GitLab - Account Takeover via Password Reset","severity":"high","path":"http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-7028.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-7028.yaml"}],"first":{"date":"2024-01-11","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/auxiliary/admin/http/gitlab_password_reset_account_takeover.rb"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":["https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/436084","https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/critical-gitlab-account-takeover-vulnerability-cve-2023-7028"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1078"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-01-11","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: Metasploit; later: PoC-in-GitHub 2024-01-12, Exploit-DB 2024-03-14","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/auxiliary/admin/http/gitlab_password_reset_account_takeover.rb","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-01-12","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7028","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-05-01","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-05-01","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-05-01","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-59219","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":"Metasploit","daysToKev":110},"priority":{"score":69.8,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 912 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.97,"detail":"percentile 0.9985"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"2 NVD references tagged Exploit; 1 Exploit-DB entry; 16 PoC-in-GitHub repos; 1 Metasploit module; 1 nuclei template"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}