{"id":"CVE-2025-23209","published":"2025-01-18T01:15:07Z","modified":"2026-06-17T08:52:39Z","title":"Craft CMS Code Injection Vulnerability","vendor":"Craft CMS","product":"Craft CMS","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Craft is a flexible, user-friendly CMS for creating custom digital experiences on the web and beyond. This is an remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that affects Craft 4 and 5 installs where your security key has already been compromised. Anyone running an unpatched version of Craft with a compromised security key is affected. This vulnerability has been patched in Craft 5.5.8 and 4.13.8. Users who cannot update to a patched version, should rotate their security keys and ensure their privacy to help migitgate the issue.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"The flaw is a code injection vulnerability in Craft CMS (versions 4 and 5) that allows remote code execution. An attacker who holds a compromised security key can execute code on an unpatched Craft installation, with no authentication, user interaction, or special configuration indicated beyond that key being compromised.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:13:09Z"},"cvss":{"score":8.1,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.21642,"percentile":0.97626,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-02-20","dueDate":"2025-03-13","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23209","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-01-17","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-01-17","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x","date":"2025-01-17"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-02-20"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"}],"evidenceTotal":3,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-94","name":"Improper Control of Generation of Code"}],"references":[{"url":"https://craftcms.com/knowledge-base/securing-craft#keep-your-secrets-secret","tags":["Product"]},{"url":"https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/e59e22b30c9dd39e5e2c7fe02c147bcbd004e603","tags":["Patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-23209","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: remote unauthenticated exploitation of public-facing CMS","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"This is an remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that affects Craft 4 and 5 installs","start":102,"end":190}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: RCE yields arbitrary command/code execution","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that affects Craft 4 and 5","start":113,"end":181}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[{"ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"craftcms/cms","vulnerableRanges":[">=5.0.0-RC1, <5.5.8",">=4.0.0-RC1, <4.13.8"],"patched":["5.5.8","4.13.8"],"from":["GHSA-x684-96hh-833x"],"provenance":"source"}],"advisories":[{"id":"GHSA-x684-96hh-833x","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x","severity":"HIGH","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"craftcms/cms","vulnerableRanges":[">=5.0.0-RC1, <5.5.8"],"patched":["5.5.8"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-x684-96hh-833x","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x","severity":"HIGH","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"craftcms/cms","vulnerableRanges":[">=4.0.0-RC1, <4.13.8"],"patched":["4.13.8"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"}],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-0208","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-0208","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-02-20","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-01-17","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-01-18","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23209","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-02-20","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-02-20","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-0208","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":33},"priority":{"score":63.2,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 652 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.53,"detail":"percentile 0.9763"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":0.0,"detail":"none found"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":5.67,"detail":"base score 8.1"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]},"lineage":{"familyId":"fam-craft-cms-cve-2025-23209","children":[{"from":"CVE-2025-23209","to":"CVE-2025-54417","relation":"bypass","confidence":"high","kind":"lineage","evidence":[{"kind":"text","provenance":"source","relation":"bypass","quote":"Versions 4.13.8 through 4.16.2 and 5.5.8 through 5.8.3 contain a vulnerability that can bypass CVE-2025-23209: \"Craft CMS has a potential RCE with a compromised security key\".","from":"CVE.org","in":"CVE-2025-54417"},{"kind":"osv-related","provenance":"source","id":"GHSA-2vcf-qxv3-2mgw","via":"reference","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23209"},{"kind":"same-code","provenance":"machine","files":["src/controllers/UpdaterController.php"],"commits":["https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/e59e22b30c9dd39e5e2c7fe02c147bcbd004e603","https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/a19d46be78a9ca1ea474012a10e97bed0d787f57"],"basis":"shared 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