{"id":"CVE-2025-31201","published":"2025-04-16T19:15:54Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:10:00Z","title":"Apple Multiple Products Arbitrary Read and Write Vulnerability","vendor":"Apple","product":"Multiple Products","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"Apple's iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS and visionOS contain an access control flaw classified as insufficient granularity of access control, which allowed code with arbitrary read and write capability to bypass Pointer Authentication. An attacker needs that arbitrary read and write capability first, and the vector indicates the flaw is reachable over the network with low complexity, requiring no privileges or user interaction.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-29T07:11:12Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.13973,"percentile":0.9654,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-04-17","dueDate":"2025-05-08","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31201","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-04-16","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-04-16","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit","date":"2025-04-16"},{"url":"https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Apple%20Patches%20Exploited%20Vulnerability/31866","date":"2025-04-16"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282","date":"2025-04-16"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400","date":"2025-04-16"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401","date":"2025-04-16"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402","date":"2025-04-16"},{"url":"https://x.com/craiu/status/1912608175364145652","date":"2025-04-16"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-04-17"},{"url":"https://cyble.com/resources/research-reports/global-cybersecurity-report/","date":"2025-12-11"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"}],"evidenceTotal":10,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-1220","name":"Insufficient Granularity of Access Control"}],"references":[{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/26","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/14","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/0","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/3","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/4","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/JGoyd/iOS-Attack-Chain-CVE-2025-31200-CVE-2025-31201/blob/main/Remote%20Crypto%20Attack%20Chain%20.md","tags":["Broken Link","Exploit"]},{"url":"https://github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/issues/200","tags":["Issue Tracking"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31201","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1203","name":"Exploitation for Client Execution","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"A strategic zero-click iMessage exploit chain (CVE-2025-31200 / 31201) has been reported as compromising targeted devices with Paragon's Graphite spyware. Observed impacts include Secure Enclave key exfiltration, silent wallet theft, C2 infrastructure, and persistent C2 communication.","confidence":"low","confidenceNote":"server-side bug exploitable without user interaction; client-execution technique does not fit"},{"id":"T1105","name":"Ingress Tool Transfer","tactics":["command-and-control"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"A strategic zero-click iMessage exploit chain (CVE-2025-31200 / 31201) has been reported as compromising targeted devices with Paragon's Graphite spyware. Observed impacts include Secure Enclave key exfiltration, silent wallet theft, C2 infrastructure, and persistent C2 communication.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1001","name":"Data Obfuscation","tactics":["command-and-control"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"A strategic zero-click iMessage exploit chain (CVE-2025-31200 / 31201) has been reported as compromising targeted devices with Paragon's Graphite spyware. Observed impacts include Secure Enclave key exfiltration, silent wallet theft, C2 infrastructure, and persistent C2 communication.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"A strategic zero-click iMessage exploit chain (CVE-2025-31200 / 31201) has been reported as compromising targeted devices with Paragon's Graphite spyware. Observed impacts include Secure Enclave key exfiltration, silent wallet theft, C2 infrastructure, and persistent C2 communication.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1106","name":"Native API","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"A strategic zero-click iMessage exploit chain (CVE-2025-31200 / 31201) has been reported as compromising targeted devices with Paragon's Graphite spyware. Observed impacts include Secure Enclave key exfiltration, silent wallet theft, C2 infrastructure, and persistent C2 communication.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1557","name":"Adversary-in-the-Middle","tactics":["collection","credential-access"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"A strategic zero-click iMessage exploit chain (CVE-2025-31200 / 31201) has been reported as compromising targeted devices with Paragon's Graphite spyware. Observed impacts include Secure Enclave key exfiltration, silent wallet theft, C2 infrastructure, and persistent C2 communication.","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-11381","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-11381","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-04-17","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":["https://github.com/JGoyd/iOS-Attack-Chain-CVE-2025-31200-CVE-2025-31201/blob/main/Remote%20Crypto%20Attack%20Chain%20.md"],"flow":[{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1105"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"secondary","techniques":["T1059","T1106","T1557","T1001"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"related","techniques":["T1203"],"provenance":"source","lowConfidence":true}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-04-16","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31201","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-04-16","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-04-17","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-04-17","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-11381","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":1},"priority":{"score":69.2,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 562 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.31,"detail":"percentile 0.9654"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 NVD reference tagged Exploit"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}