{"id":"CVE-2025-43520","published":"2025-12-12T21:15:56Z","modified":"2026-10-07T11:10:00Z","title":"Apple Multiple Products Classic Buffer Overflow Vulnerability","vendor":"Apple","product":"Multiple Products","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. A malicious application may be able to cause unexpected system termination or write kernel memory.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"A classic buffer overflow in Apple's multiple products, which include iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS and watchOS, stems from a memory corruption issue in how memory is handled. An attacker with local access and low privileges, who can run a malicious application without any user interaction, can cause unexpected system termination or write to kernel memory.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:15:25Z"},"cvss":{"score":5.5,"severity":"MEDIUM","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.00425,"percentile":0.36797,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2026-03-20","dueDate":"2026-04-03","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/125633 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/125635 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/125636 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/125637 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/125638 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/125639 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43520","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2026-03-18","exploitedFirstSeen":"2026-03-18","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/darksword-ios-exploit-chain/","date":"2026-03-18"},{"url":"https://iverify.io/blog/darksword-ios-exploit-kit-explained","date":"2026-03-18"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2026-03-20"},{"url":"https://8ksec.io/how-browser-exploits-work-darksword-ios-cve-2025-43529/","date":"2026-04-19"},{"url":"https://www.trellix.com/advanced-research-center/threat-reports/secondsight-threat-hunting-report-september-2026/","date":"2026-09-08"},{"url":"https://censys.com/blog/darksword-coruna-open-directory-finding-report/","date":"2026-10-07"}],"evidenceTotal":6,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Adversary Unmasked APT Profile - Star Blizzard","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae244fe073f118d830cf4be","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-120","name":"Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input"}],"references":[{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125633","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125635","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125636","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125637","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125638","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/125639","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/darksword-ios-exploit-chain/","tags":["Technical Description"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-43520","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1204.002","name":"Malicious File","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Victim runs malicious app that triggers the bug","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"A malicious application may be able to cause unexpected system termination","start":251,"end":325}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1068","name":"Exploitation for Privilege Escalation","tactics":["privilege-escalation"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Kernel memory write enables privilege escalation","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"or write kernel memory","start":326,"end":348}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1499.004","name":"Application or System Exploitation","tactics":["impact"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Crash causes application or OS denial of service","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"cause unexpected system termination","start":290,"end":325}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-203153","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-203153","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2026-03-20","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":1,"skipped":0,"earliest":"2026-10-30","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/df2029/cs-build","repos":[{"name":"df2029/cs-build","url":"https://github.com/df2029/cs-build","stars":0,"created":"2026-10-30"}]},"first":{"date":"2026-10-30","source":"PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/df2029/cs-build"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1204.002"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1068","T1499.004"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-12-12","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43520","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-03-18","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/darksword-ios-exploit-chain/","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-03-20","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-03-20","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-203153","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-10-30","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/df2029/cs-build","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":322,"firstExploitFrom":"PoC-in-GitHub","daysToKev":98},"priority":{"score":59.2,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":5.0,"detail":"added 227 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":7.36,"detail":"percentile 0.3680"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 PoC-in-GitHub repo"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":3.85,"detail":"base score 5.5"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]},"lineage":{"familyId":"fam-class-apple-ios-macos-cwe-120"}}