{"id":"CVE-2025-4428","published":"2025-05-13T16:15:32Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:33:13Z","title":"Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM) Code Injection Vulnerability","vendor":"Ivanti","product":"Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM)","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Remote Code Execution in API component in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile 12.5.0.0 and prior on unspecified platforms allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted API requests.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM) has a code injection flaw in its API component that permits remote code execution. An authenticated attacker with network access can run arbitrary code by sending crafted API requests, with no user interaction required.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-30T13:36:38Z"},"cvss":{"score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.88003,"percentile":0.99764,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-05-19","dueDate":"2025-06-09","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Endpoint-Manager-Mobile-EPMM ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4428","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-05-13","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-05-13","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Endpoint-Manager-Mobile-EPMM","date":"2025-05-13"},{"url":"https://www.greynoise.io/blog/ivanti-epmm-zero-days-reconnaissance-exploitation","date":"2025-05-16"},{"url":"https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2025/05/16/etr-ivanti-epmm-exploit-chain-exploited-in-the-wild/","date":"2025-05-16"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-05-19"},{"url":"https://www.wiz.io/blog/ivanti-epmm-rce-vulnerability-chain-cve-2025-4427-cve-2025-4428","date":"2025-05-20"},{"url":"https://blog.eclecticiq.com/china-nexus-threat-actor-actively-exploiting-ivanti-endpoint-manager-mobile-cve-2025-4428-vulnerability","date":"2025-05-21"},{"url":"https://attackerkb.com/assessments/a8195fc7-566e-4ad2-9926-3101a8e4d0f8","date":"2025-05-22"},{"url":"https://profero.io/blog/ivanti-epmm-attacks","date":"2025-05-22"},{"url":"https://app.crowdsec.net/cti/cve-explorer/CVE-2025-4428","date":"2025-06-08"},{"url":"https://www.cyfirma.com/research/apt-profile-mission2025/","date":"2025-06-11"}],"evidenceTotal":28,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-94","name":"Improper Control of Generation of Code"}],"references":[{"url":"https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Endpoint-Manager-Mobile-EPMM","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-4428","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Code Injection","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"By itself, this exploit requires an authenticated user in order to carry it out. However, when chained with CVE-2025-4427, the attacker achieves unauthenticated remote code execution.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Code Injection","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"By itself, this exploit requires an authenticated user in order to carry it out. However, when chained with CVE-2025-4427, the attacker achieves unauthenticated remote code execution.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1543","name":"Create or Modify System Process","tactics":["persistence","privilege-escalation"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Code Injection","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"By itself, this exploit requires an authenticated user in order to carry it out. However, when chained with CVE-2025-4427, the attacker achieves unauthenticated remote code execution.","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-14387","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-14387","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-05-19","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":1,"skipped":0,"earliest":"2025-05-16","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/xie-22/CVE-2025-4428","repos":[{"name":"xie-22/CVE-2025-4428","url":"https://github.com/xie-22/CVE-2025-4428","stars":4,"created":"2025-05-16"}]},"metasploit":[{"name":"Ivanti EPMM Authentication Bypass for Expression Language Remote Code Execution","module":"exploit/multi/http/ivanti_epmm_rce_cve_2025_4427_4428","type":"exploit","disclosureDate":"2025-05-13","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/ivanti_epmm_rce_cve_2025_4427_4428.rb"}],"first":{"date":"2025-05-13","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/ivanti_epmm_rce_cve_2025_4427_4428.rb"},"provenance":"source"},"detections":{"cveRules":[{"title":"Potential Exploitation of CVE-2025-4427/4428 Ivanti EPMM Pre-Auth RCE","id":"41956f7c-7a6b-46d6-b6bb-da6eb2e83fbe","level":"high","status":"experimental","path":"rules-emerging-threats/2025/Exploits/CVE-2025-4427/web_invanti_epmm_cve_2025_4427_and_cve_2025_4428.yml","url":"https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/blob/master/rules-emerging-threats/2025/Exploits/CVE-2025-4427/web_invanti_epmm_cve_2025_4427_and_cve_2025_4428.yml","techniques":["T1190","T1203"]}]},"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"secondary","techniques":["T1543"],"provenance":"source"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-05-13","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4428","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-13","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: Metasploit; later: PoC-in-GitHub 2025-05-16","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/ivanti_epmm_rce_cve_2025_4427_4428.rb","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-13","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Endpoint-Manager-Mobile-EPMM","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-19","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-19","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-14387","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":0,"firstExploitFrom":"Metasploit","daysToKev":6},"priority":{"score":69.1,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 535 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.95,"detail":"percentile 0.9976"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 PoC-in-GitHub repo; 1 Metasploit module"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.16,"detail":"base score 8.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]},"lineage":{"familyId":"fam-dropwizard-validation-cve-2020-5245","children":[{"from":"CVE-2025-4428","to":"CVE-2025-35036","relation":"related","confidence":"high","kind":"lineage","evidence":[{"kind":"osv-related","provenance":"source","id":"GHSA-7v6m-28jr-rg84","via":"reference","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4428"}]}]}}