{"id":"CVE-2025-59689","published":"2025-09-19T20:15:40Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:46:31Z","title":"Libraesva Email Security Gateway Command Injection Vulnerability","vendor":"Libraesva","product":"Email Security Gateway","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Libraesva ESG 4.5 through 5.5.x before 5.5.7 allows command injection via a compressed e-mail attachment. For ESG 5.0 a fix has been released in 5.0.31. For ESG 5.1 a fix has been released in 5.1.20. For ESG 5.2 a fix has been released in 5.2.31. For ESG 5.4 a fix has been released in 5.4.8. For ESG 5.5. a fix has been released in 5.5.7.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"The Libraesva Email Security Gateway (ESG) contains a command injection flaw, classified as improper neutralization of special elements used in a command, that affects versions 4.5 through 5.5.x before 5.5.7. An attacker can exploit it remotely over the network with no privileges, by sending an email containing a crafted compressed attachment, which requires a user to interact with the message before the injected commands run.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:14:48Z"},"cvss":{"score":6.1,"severity":"MEDIUM","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.01956,"percentile":0.80224,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-09-29","dueDate":"2025-10-20","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://docs.libraesva.com/knowledgebase/security-advisory-command-injection-vulnerability-cve-2025-59689/ ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59689","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-09-22","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-09-22","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://docs.libraesva.com/knowledgebase/security-advisory-command-injection-vulnerability-cve-2025-59689/","date":"2025-09-22"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-09-29"},{"url":"https://hs-8813571.f.hubspotemail.net/hubfs/8813571/PERISCOPE_VULNINTEL_20251007.pdf","date":"2025-10-07"},{"url":"https://www.rapid7.com/cdn/assets/bltbd2f1cd70f9e3e7f/691360b9c91291146f1a5308/threat-landscape-report-q3-2025.pdf","date":"2025-11-12"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"}],"evidenceTotal":5,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-77","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command"}],"references":[{"url":"https://docs.libraesva.com/knowledgebase/security-advisory-command-injection-vulnerability-cve-2025-59689/","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.libraesva.com/security-blog/","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-59689","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Malicious attachment delivered to exposed email gateway","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allows command injection via a compressed e-mail attachment","start":45,"end":104}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"low","confidenceNote":"needs user interaction; not a public-facing exploit"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Injected commands executed on the gateway","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allows command injection via a compressed e-mail attachment","start":45,"end":104}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-30249","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-30249","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-09-29","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"related","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai","lowConfidence":true}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-09-19","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59689","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-09-22","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://docs.libraesva.com/knowledgebase/security-advisory-command-injection-vulnerability-cve-2025-59689/","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-09-29","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-09-29","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-30249","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":10},"priority":{"score":58.3,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 403 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":16.04,"detail":"percentile 0.8022"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":0.0,"detail":"none found"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":4.27,"detail":"base score 6.1"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}