{"id":"CVE-2025-61757","published":"2025-10-21T20:20:52Z","modified":"2026-10-08T11:10:00Z","title":"Oracle Fusion Middleware Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability","vendor":"Oracle","product":"Fusion Middleware","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Vulnerability in the Identity Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: REST WebServices).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and  14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Identity Manager.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Identity Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"A missing-authentication flaw exists in the REST WebServices component of the Identity Manager product within Oracle Fusion Middleware. An unauthenticated attacker with network access over HTTP can compromise Identity Manager, with the successful attacks able to result in takeover of the product, and no user interaction is required.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-29T07:53:20Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.88647,"percentile":0.99773,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-11-21","dueDate":"2025-12-12","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2025.html ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61757","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-11-20","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-11-20","ransomware":true,"evidence":[{"url":"https://isc.sans.edu/diary/rss/32506","date":"2025-11-20"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-11-21"},{"url":"https://www.imperva.com/blog/cve-2025-61757-imperva-customers-protected-against-critical-oracle-identity-manager-authentication-bypass-leading-to-remote-code-execution/","date":"2025-12-01"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-12-03&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-61757","date":"2025-12-03"},{"url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/blog/november-2025-cve-landscape","date":"2025-12-09"},{"url":"https://cyble.com/resources/research-reports/global-cybersecurity-report/","date":"2025-12-11"},{"url":"https://app.crowdsec.net/cti/cve-explorer/CVE-2025-61757","date":"2025-12-15"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"},{"url":"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/outbreak-alert/iran-linked-cyber-attacks","date":"2026-03-31"},{"url":"https://insights.bridewell.com/hubfs/Reports/Bridewell%202026%20Cyber%20Threat%20Intelligence%20Report.pdf","date":"2026-05-19"}],"evidenceTotal":10,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-306","name":"Missing Authentication for Critical Functionality"}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2025.html","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://isc.sans.edu/diary/rss/32506","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-61757","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Unauthenticated HTTP exploitation of exposed REST service","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP","start":175,"end":268}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1078","name":"Valid Accounts","tactics":["initial-access","persistence","privilege-escalation","stealth"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Takeover of identity manager grants account control","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Identity Manager","start":302,"end":385}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-35253","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-35253","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-11-21","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":2,"skipped":0,"earliest":"2025-11-21","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/Jinxia62/Oracle-Identity-Manager-CVE-2025-61757","repos":[{"name":"Jinxia62/Oracle-Identity-Manager-CVE-2025-61757","url":"https://github.com/Jinxia62/Oracle-Identity-Manager-CVE-2025-61757","stars":4,"created":"2025-11-21"},{"name":"ngominhquocngu/Blackash-CVE-2025-61757","url":"https://github.com/ngominhquocngu/Blackash-CVE-2025-61757","stars":0,"created":"2025-11-25"}]},"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2025-61757","name":"Oracle Identity Manager REST WebServices - Authentication Bypass","severity":"critical","path":"http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-61757.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-61757.yaml"}],"first":{"date":"2025-11-21","source":"PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/Jinxia62/Oracle-Identity-Manager-CVE-2025-61757"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1078"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-10-21","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61757","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-11-20","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://isc.sans.edu/diary/rss/32506","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-11-21","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/Jinxia62/Oracle-Identity-Manager-CVE-2025-61757","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-11-21","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-11-21","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-35253","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":31,"firstExploitFrom":"PoC-in-GitHub","daysToKev":31},"priority":{"score":84.8,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":5.0,"detail":"added 344 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":10.0,"detail":"CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV: Known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.95,"detail":"percentile 0.9977"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"2 PoC-in-GitHub repos; 1 nuclei template"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}