{"id":"CVE-2025-66644","published":"2025-12-05T19:15:53Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:57:08Z","title":"Array Networks ArrayOS AG OS Command Injection Vulnerability","vendor":"Array Networks ","product":"ArrayOS AG","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Array Networks ArrayOS AG before 9.4.5.9 allows command injection, as exploited in the wild in August through December 2025.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"Array Networks ArrayOS AG, prior to version 9.4.5.9, contains an OS command injection flaw (CWE: improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command). An attacker with network access can exploit it without authentication or user interaction to inject and run operating system commands on the affected device.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-31T05:10:20Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.03415,"percentile":0.88875,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-12-08","dueDate":"2025-12-29","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/ag.html ; https://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2025/at250024.html ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66644","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-12-05","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-12-05","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66644","date":"2025-12-05"},{"url":"https://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2025/at250024.html","date":"2025-12-05"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-12-08"},{"url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/blog/december-2025-cve-landscape","date":"2026-01-13"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"}],"evidenceTotal":5,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-78","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command"}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-are-exploiting-arrayos-ag-vpn-flaw-to-plant-webshells/","tags":["Press/Media Coverage"]},{"url":"https://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2025/at250024.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://x.com/ArraySupport/status/1921373397533032590","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-66644","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1133","name":"External Remote Services","tactics":["initial-access","persistence"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Remote unauthenticated exploitation via external-facing appliance service","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"ArrayOS AG before 9.4.5.9 allows command injection, as exploited in the wild","start":15,"end":91}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Command injection yields arbitrary OS command execution","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allows command injection, as exploited in the wild","start":41,"end":91}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-201500","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-201500","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-12-08","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1133"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-12-05","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66644","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-12-05","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66644","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-12-08","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-12-08","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-201500","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":3},"priority":{"score":67.6,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":5.0,"detail":"added 330 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":17.78,"detail":"percentile 0.8888"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":0.0,"detail":"none found"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}