Patchfirst
CVE-2021-34523 KEVRansomwarePublic exploit Critical · 9.0 EPSS >99.9%

Microsoft Exchange Server Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft · Exchange Server

Summary

The privilege escalation flaw lies in Microsoft Exchange Server, in its elevation of privilege component, stemming from improper authentication. An attacker with local access to the system can escalate privileges with no authentication or user interaction required, gaining high confidentiality and integrity impact.

Official description · NVD

Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Breakdown
89.3 / 100
Exploited
Yes, in CISA KEV
Reports
9
Tactics
1/15

How an attack unfolds

Based on mappings. Select a step to see the evidence.
  1. How attackers get in

First seen exploited 47 days after disclosure. Public exploit code (Metasploit) was available 3 months before disclosure.

  1. Public exploit codeMetasploit3 mo before
  2. Disclosedday 0
  3. First seen exploitedVulnCheck KEV evidence+47 days
  4. Added to CISA KEVknown ransomware use; EU database agrees+4 mo
  5. Named in a threat reportmicrosoft.com+24 mo

CISA KEV listing is when exploitation was confirmed, not necessarily the first attack.

techniques

1 , grouped by in kill-chain order, 4 cited passages 1

Initial AccessTA0001

MITRE CTID mapping of the KEV entry · how it is exploited

This privilege escalation vulnerability can be exploited by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to the exchange server, is it often chained together with CVE-2021-34473, a remote code execution vulnerability.

the following vulnerabilities against Microsoft Exchange servers [T1190]: CVE-2021-31207 - Microsoft Exchange Server Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability CVE-2021-34473 - Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2021-34523 - Microsoft Exchange Server Privilege Escalation
#StopRansomware: Hive Ransomware cisa.gov Original (opens in a new tab) ↗
BlackByte ransomware threat actors exploit ProxyShell vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) found in Microsoft Exchange Server to gain initial access to the target network.
TTPs used by BlackByte Ransomware Targeting Critical Infrastructure picussecurity.com Original (opens in a new tab) ↗
Tactic;Technique;Description TA0001 Initial Access;T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application;In a number of attacks, the threat actors used ProxyShell vulnerablilities (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207).
Blackcat blog.group-ib.com Original (opens in a new tab) ↗
Lower-confidence links (1)

These come from early or generic mappings, text matching, or contradict this CVE’s details (for example a public-facing technique on a bug that needs a user to open a file). Shown for completeness.

  • Exploitation for Privilege EscalationT1068 machine-matched from report text

Detection

0 rules for this CVE · 149 general rules for its techniques

Rules for this CVE

0 that reference CVE-2021-34523 directly.

CVE-specific rules are not available in this build. Search SigmaHQ ↗

General rules for this CVE’s techniques

These detect the technique in general, not this specific vulnerability.

Sigma rules © SigmaHQ, Detection Rule License 1.1; linked, not reproduced.

What security researchers reported

Named in 9 threat reports
9 reportsCISA2MicrosoftGroup-IB+5Jul 2023 · 8 undated

Reports are matched by finding the exact id CVE-2021-34523 in their text; nobody has reviewed the match. One passage is shown per report, at most 320 characters, linked to the original.

Group-IBUndated

Blackcat

Tactic;Technique;Description TA0001 Initial Access;T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application;In a number of attacks, the threat actors used ProxyShell vulnerablilities (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207).

Original (opens in a new tab) ↗

Show all 9 reportsShow fewer

Also mentioned in 50 community threat pulses (AlienVault OTX)

Weaker evidence

Pulses are indicator collections that anyone can publish. A mention is not confirmation of exploitation.

References

5 links, grouped by NVD tag
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