Patchfirst
CVE-2025-31201 KEVPublic exploit Critical · 9.8 EPSS 14.0%

Apple Multiple Products Arbitrary Read and Write Vulnerability

Apple · Multiple Products

Summary

Apple's iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS and visionOS contain an access control flaw classified as insufficient granularity of access control, which allowed code with arbitrary read and write capability to bypass Pointer Authentication. An attacker needs that arbitrary read and write capability first, and the vector indicates the flaw is reachable over the network with low complexity, requiring no privileges or user interaction.

Official description · NVD

This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.

Breakdown
69.2 / 100
Exploited
Yes, in CISA KEV
Reports
0
Tactics
4/15

How an attack unfolds

Based on mappings. Select a step to see the evidence.
  1. What they do

  2. What can follow

First seen exploited the day it was disclosed.

  1. DisclosedFirst seen exploitedVulnCheck KEV evidenceday 0
  2. Added to CISA KEVEU database agrees+1 day

CISA KEV listing is when exploitation was confirmed, not necessarily the first attack.

techniques

5 , grouped by in kill-chain order 5

ExecutionTA0002

MITRE CTID mapping of the KEV entry · follow-on activity

A strategic zero-click iMessage exploit chain (CVE-2025-31200 / 31201) has been reported as compromising targeted devices with Paragon's Graphite spyware. Observed impacts include Secure Enclave key exfiltration, silent wallet theft, C2 infrastructure, and persistent C2 communication.

Native API T1106
MITRE CTID mapping of the KEV entry · follow-on activity

Credential AccessTA0006

Adversary-in-the-Middle T1557 also Collection
MITRE CTID mapping of the KEV entry · follow-on activity

Command and ControlTA0011

MITRE CTID mapping of the KEV entry · follow-on activity
MITRE CTID mapping of the KEV entry · primary impact
Lower-confidence links (1)

These come from early or generic mappings, text matching, or contradict this CVE’s details (for example a public-facing technique on a bug that needs a user to open a file). Shown for completeness.

  • Exploitation for Client ExecutionT1203 server-side bug exploitable without user interaction; client-execution technique does not fit

Detection

0 rules for this CVE · 206 general rules for its techniques

Rules for this CVE

0 that reference CVE-2025-31201 directly.

CVE-specific rules are not available in this build. Search SigmaHQ ↗

General rules for this CVE’s techniques

These detect the technique in general, not this specific vulnerability.

Ingress Tool TransferT110587 general rules
Command and Scripting InterpreterT105995 general rules
Native APIT110614 general rules
Adversary-in-the-MiddleT155710 general rules

Sigma rules © SigmaHQ, Detection Rule License 1.1; linked, not reproduced.

What security researchers reported

Not named in any threat report yet

Also mentioned in 50 community threat pulses (AlienVault OTX)

Weaker evidence

Pulses are indicator collections that anyone can publish. A mention is not confirmation of exploitation.

References

12 links, grouped by NVD tag
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